web/apps/base-docs/base-learn/docs/learning-objectives.md

Ethereum Applications

• Describe the origin and goals of the Ethereum blockchain
• List common types of applications that can be developed with the Ethereum blockchain
• Compare and contrast Web2 vs. Web3 development
• Compare and contrast the concept of "ownership" in Web2 vs. Web3

Gas Use in Ethereum Transactions

• Explain what gas is in Ethereum
• Explain why gas is necessary in Ethereum
• Understand how gas works in Ethereum transactions

EVM Diagram

• Diagram the EVM

Setup and Overview

• Install and create a new Hardhat project with Typescript support
• Describe the organization and folder structure of a Hardhat project
• List the use and properties of hardhat.config.ts

Testing with Hardhat and Typechain

• Set up TypeChain to enable testing
• Write unit tests for smart contracts using Mocha, Chai, and the Hardhat Toolkit
• Set up multiple signers and call smart contract functions with different signers

Etherscan

• List some of the features of Etherscan
• Read data from the Bored Apes Yacht Club contract on Etherscan
• Write data to a contract using Etherscan.

Deploying Smart Contracts

• Deploy a smart contract to the Base Sepolia Testnet with hardhat-deploy
• Deploy a smart contract to the Sepolia Testnet with hardhat-deploy
• Use BaseScan to view a deployed smart contract

Verifying Smart Contracts

• Verify a deployed smart contract on Etherscan
• Connect a wallet to a contract in Etherscan
• Use etherscan to interact with your own deployed contract

Hardhat Forking

• Use Hardhat Network to create a local fork of mainnet and deploy a contract to it
• Utilize Hardhat forking features to configure the fork for several use cases

'Introduction to Remix'

• List the features, pros, and cons of using Remix as an IDE
• Deploy and test the Storage.sol demo contract in Remix

Deployment in Remix

• Deploy and test the Storage.sol demo contract in Remix

Hello World

• Construct a simple "Hello World" contract
• List the major differences between data types in Solidity as compared to other languages
• Select the appropriate visibility for a function

Basic Types

• Categorize basic data types
• List the major differences between data types in Solidity as compared to other languages
• Compare and contrast signed and unsigned integers

Test Networks

• Describe the uses and properties of the Base testnet
• Compare and contrast Ropsten, Rinkeby, Goerli, and Sepolia

Deployment to Base Sepolia

• Deploy a contract to the Base Sepolia testnet and interact with it in [BaseScan]

Contract Verification

• Verify a contract on the Base Sepolia testnet and interact with it in [BaseScan]

Control Structures

• Control code flow with if, else, while, and for
• List the unique constraints for control flow in Solidity
• Utilize require to write a function that can only be used when a variable is set to true
• Write a revert statement to abort execution of a function in a specific state
• Utilize error to control flow more efficiently than with require

Storing Data

• Use the constructor to initialize a variable
• Access the data in a public variable with the automatically generated getter
• Order variable declarations to use storage efficiently

How Storage Works

• Diagram how a contract's data is stored on the blockchain (Contract -> Blockchain)
• Order variable declarations to use storage efficiently
• Diagram how variables in a contract are stored (Variable -> Contract)

Arrays

• Describe the difference between storage, memory, and calldata arrays

Filtering an Array

• Write a function that can return a filtered subset of an array

Mappings

• Construct a Map (dictionary) data type
• Recall that assignment of the Map data type is not as flexible as for other data types/in other languages
• Restrict function calls with the msg.sender global variable
• Recall that there is no collision protection in the EVM and why this is (probably) ok

Function Visibility and State Mutability

• Categorize functions as public, private, internal, or external based on their usage
• Describe how pure and view functions are different than functions that modify storage

Function Modifiers

• Use modifiers to efficiently add functionality to multiple functions

Structs

• Construct a struct (user-defined type) that contains several different data types
• Declare members of the struct to maximize storage efficiency
• Describe constraints related to the assignment of structs depending on the types they contain

Inheritance

• Write a smart contract that inherits from another contract
• Describe the impact inheritance has on the byte code size limit

Multiple Inheritance

• Write a smart contract that inherits from multiple contracts

Abstract Contracts

• Use the virtual, override, and abstract keywords to create and use an abstract contract

Imports

• Import and use code from another file
• Utilize OpenZeppelin contracts within Remix

Error Triage

• Debug common solidity errors including transaction reverted, out of gas, stack overflow, value overflow/underflow, index out of range, etc.

The New Keyword

• Write a contract that creates a new contract with the new keyword

'Contract to Contract Interaction'

• Use interfaces to allow a smart contract to call functions in another smart contract
• Use the call() function to interact with another contract without using an interface

Events

• Write and trigger an event
• List common uses of events
• Understand events vs. smart contract storage

Address and Payable in Solidity

• Differentiate between address and address payable types in Solidity
• Determine when to use each type appropriately in contract development
• Employ address payable to send Ether and interact with payable functions

Minimal Token

• Construct a minimal token and deploy to testnet
• Identify the properties that make a token a token

The ERC-20 Token Standard

• Analyze the anatomy of an ERC-20 token
• Review the formal specification for ERC-20

ERC-20 Implementation

• Describe OpenZeppelin
• Import the OpenZeppelin ERC-20 implementation
• Describe the difference between the ERC-20 standard and OpenZeppelin's ERC20.sol
• Build and deploy an ERC-20 compliant token

The ERC-721 Token Standard

• Analyze the anatomy of an ERC-721 token
• Compare and contrast the technical specifications of ERC-20 and ERC-721
• Review the formal specification for ERC-721

ERC-721 Token

• Analyze the anatomy of an ERC-721 token
• Compare and contrast the technical specifications of ERC-20 and ERC-721
• Review the formal specification for ERC-721
• Build and deploy an ERC-721 compliant token
• Use an ERC-721 token to control ownership of another data structure

Wallet Connectors

• Identify the role of a wallet aggregator in an onchain app
• Debate the pros and cons of using a template
• Scaffold a new onchain app with RainbowKit
• Support users of EOAs and the Coinbase Smart Wallet with the same app

Building an Onchain App

• Identify the role of a wallet aggregator in an onchain app
• Debate the pros and cons of using a template
• Add a wallet connection to a standard template app

The useAccount Hook

• Implement the useAccount hook to show the user's address, connection state, network, and balance
• Implement an isMounted hook to prevent hydration errors

The useReadContract Hook

• Implement wagmi's useReadContract hook to fetch data from a smart contract
• Convert data fetched from a smart contract to information displayed to the user
• Identify the caveats of reading data from automatically-generated getters

Configuring useReadContract

• Use useBlockNumber and the queryClient to automatically fetch updates from the blockchain
• Describe the costs of using the above, and methods to reduce those costs
• Configure arguments to be passed with a call to a pure or view smart contract function
• Call an instance of useReadContract on demand
• Utilize isLoading and isFetching to improve user experience

The useWriteContract hook

• Implement wagmi's useWriteContract hook to send transactions to a smart contract
• Configure the options in useWriteContract
• Display the execution, success, or failure of a function with button state changes, and data display

The useSimulateContract hook

• Implement wagmi's useSimulateContract and useWriteContract to send transactions to a smart contract
• Configure the options in useSimulateContract and useWriteContract
• Call a smart contract function on-demand using the write function from useWriteContract, with arguments and a value