Where filtering with logical operators - updated examples (#966)

## Description of changes

*Summarize the changes made by this PR.*
 - Improvements & Bug fixes
- Added enhanced examples of how to use `where` filtering with logical
operators based on community questions

## Test plan
Run the jupyter notebook
`examples/basic_functionality/where_filtering.ipynb`

## Documentation Changes
No document updates.

examples/basic_functionality/where_filtering.ipynb

@@ -12,7 +12,12 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 1,
-   "metadata": {},
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-11T18:29:08.687703Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-11T18:29:07.757276Z"
+    }
+   },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import chromadb"
@@ -150,12 +155,168 @@
     "collection.query(query_embeddings=[[0, 0, 0]], where_document={\"$contains\": \"affairs\"}, n_results=5)"
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "source": [
+    "# Where Filtering With Logical Operators\n",
+    "This section demonstrates how one can use the logical operators in `where` filtering.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Chroma currently supports: `$and` and `$or`operators.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "> Note: Logical operators can be nested"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "/Users/tazarov/.cache/chroma/onnx_models/all-MiniLM-L6-v2/onnx.tar.gz: 100%|██████████| 79.3M/79.3M [02:59<00:00, 463kiB/s] \n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": "{'ids': ['1', '2'],\n 'embeddings': None,\n 'metadatas': [{'author': 'john'}, {'author': 'jack'}],\n 'documents': ['Article by john', 'Article by Jack']}"
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Or Logical Operator Filtering\n",
+    "# import chromadb\n",
+    "client = chromadb.Client()\n",
+    "collection = client.get_or_create_collection(\"test-where-list\")\n",
+    "collection.add(documents=[\"Article by john\", \"Article by Jack\", \"Article by Jill\"],\n",
+    "               metadatas=[{\"author\": \"john\"}, {\"author\": \"jack\"}, {\"author\": \"jill\"}], ids=[\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "collection.get(where={\"$or\": [{\"author\": \"john\"}, {\"author\": \"jack\"}]})\n"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-11T18:45:52.663345Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-11T18:42:50.970414Z"
+    }
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": "{'ids': ['1'],\n 'embeddings': None,\n 'metadatas': [{'author': 'john', 'category': 'chroma'}],\n 'documents': ['Article by john']}"
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# And Logical Operator Filtering\n",
+    "collection = client.get_or_create_collection(\"test-where-list\")\n",
+    "collection.upsert(documents=[\"Article by john\", \"Article by Jack\", \"Article by Jill\"],\n",
+    "               metadatas=[{\"author\": \"john\",\"category\":\"chroma\"}, {\"author\": \"jack\",\"category\":\"ml\"}, {\"author\": \"jill\",\"category\":\"lifestyle\"}], ids=[\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"])\n",
+    "collection.get(where={\"$and\": [{\"category\": \"chroma\"}, {\"author\": \"john\"}]})"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-11T18:49:31.174811Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-11T18:49:31.056618Z"
+    }
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": "{'ids': [], 'embeddings': None, 'metadatas': [], 'documents': []}"
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# And logical that doesn't match anything\n",
+    "collection.get(where={\"$and\": [{\"category\": \"chroma\"}, {\"author\": \"jill\"}]})"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-11T18:49:35.758816Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-11T18:49:35.741477Z"
+    }
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": "{'ids': ['1'],\n 'embeddings': None,\n 'metadatas': [{'author': 'john', 'category': 'chroma'}],\n 'documents': ['Article by john']}"
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Combined And and Or Logical Operator Filtering\n",
+    "collection.get(where={\"$and\": [{\"category\": \"chroma\"}, {\"$or\": [{\"author\": \"john\"}, {\"author\": \"jack\"}]}]})"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-11T18:49:40.463045Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-11T18:49:40.450240Z"
+    }
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": "{'ids': ['1'],\n 'embeddings': None,\n 'metadatas': [{'author': 'john', 'category': 'chroma'}],\n 'documents': ['Article by john']}"
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "collection.get(where_document={\"$contains\": \"Article\"},where={\"$and\": [{\"category\": \"chroma\"}, {\"$or\": [{\"author\": \"john\"}, {\"author\": \"jack\"}]}]})"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-11T18:51:12.328062Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-11T18:51:12.315943Z"
+    }
+   }
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "source": [],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   }
   }
  ],
  "metadata": {