create-react-app/packages/react-scripts/config/jest/fileTransform.js

// @remove-on-eject-begin
/**
 * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */
// @remove-on-eject-end
'use strict';

const path = require('path');

// This is a custom Jest transformer turning file imports into filenames.
// http://facebook.github.io/jest/docs/en/webpack.html

module.exports = {
  process(src, filename) {
    const assetFilename = JSON.stringify(path.basename(filename));

    if (filename.match(/\.svg$/)) {
      return `module.exports = {
        __esModule: true,
        default: ${assetFilename},
        ReactComponent: (props) => ({
          $$typeof: Symbol.for('react.element'),
          type: 'svg',
          ref: null,
          key: null,
          props: Object.assign({}, props, {
            children: ${assetFilename}
          })
        }),
      };`;
    }

    return `module.exports = ${assetFilename};`;
  },
};