[ENH]: CIP-4: In and Not In Metadata Filters (#1081)

Cherry-picked from #1029

## Description of changes

*Summarize the changes made by this PR.*
 - Improvements & Bug fixes
	 - Added support for `$in` and `$nin` metadata filters

> Note: See CIP in `docs/` or example notebook for more info

## Test plan
*How are these changes tested?*

- [x] Tests pass locally with `pytest` for python

## Documentation Changes
TBD

---------

Co-authored-by: Hammad Bashir <HammadB@users.noreply.github.com>

examples/basic_functionality/in_not_in_filtering.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "initial_id",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-30T12:48:38.227653Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-30T12:48:27.744069Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Number of requested results 10 is greater than number of elements in index 3, updating n_results = 3\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "{'ids': [['1', '3']], 'distances': [[0.28824201226234436, 1.017508625984192]], 'metadatas': [[{'author': 'john'}, {'author': 'jill'}]], 'embeddings': None, 'documents': [['Article by john', 'Article by Jill']]}\n",
+      "{'ids': ['1', '3'], 'embeddings': None, 'metadatas': [{'author': 'john'}, {'author': 'jill'}], 'documents': ['Article by john', 'Article by Jill']}\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import chromadb\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from chromadb.utils import embedding_functions\n",
+    "\n",
+    "sentence_transformer_ef = embedding_functions.SentenceTransformerEmbeddingFunction(model_name=\"all-MiniLM-L6-v2\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "client = chromadb.Client()\n",
+    "# client.heartbeat()\n",
+    "# client.reset()\n",
+    "collection = client.get_or_create_collection(\"test-where-list\", embedding_function=sentence_transformer_ef)\n",
+    "collection.add(documents=[\"Article by john\", \"Article by Jack\", \"Article by Jill\"],\n",
+    "               metadatas=[{\"author\": \"john\"}, {\"author\": \"jack\"}, {\"author\": \"jill\"}], ids=[\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "query = [\"Give me articles by john\"]\n",
+    "res = collection.query(query_texts=query,where={'author': {'$in': ['john', 'jill']}}, n_results=10)\n",
+    "print(res)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "res_get = collection.get(where={'author': {'$in': ['john', 'jill']}})\n",
+    "print(res_get)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "source": [
+    "# Interactions with existing Where operators"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "id": "752cef843ba2f900"
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": "{'ids': [['1']],\n 'distances': [[0.28824201226234436]],\n 'metadatas': [[{'article_type': 'blog', 'author': 'john'}]],\n 'embeddings': None,\n 'documents': [['Article by john']]}"
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "collection.upsert(documents=[\"Article by john\", \"Article by Jack\", \"Article by Jill\"],\n",
+    "               metadatas=[{\"author\": \"john\",\"article_type\":\"blog\"}, {\"author\": \"jack\",\"article_type\":\"social\"}, {\"author\": \"jill\",\"article_type\":\"paper\"}], ids=[\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "collection.query(query_texts=query,where={\"$and\":[{\"author\": {'$in': ['john', 'jill']}},{\"article_type\":{\"$eq\":\"blog\"}}]}, n_results=3)"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-30T12:48:49.974353Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-30T12:48:49.938985Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "id": "ca56cda318f9e94d"
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": "{'ids': [['1', '3']],\n 'distances': [[0.28824201226234436, 1.017508625984192]],\n 'metadatas': [[{'article_type': 'blog', 'author': 'john'},\n   {'article_type': 'paper', 'author': 'jill'}]],\n 'embeddings': None,\n 'documents': [['Article by john', 'Article by Jill']]}"
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "collection.query(query_texts=query,where={\"$or\":[{\"author\": {'$in': ['john']}},{\"article_type\":{\"$in\":[\"paper\"]}}]}, n_results=3)"
+   ],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-30T12:48:53.501431Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-30T12:48:53.481571Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "id": "f10e79ec90c797c1"
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [],
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "id": "d97b8b6dd96261d0"
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}