@ngdoc error @name $injector:unpr @fullName Unknown Provider @description This error results from the `$injector` being unable to resolve a required dependency. To fix this, make sure the dependency is defined and spelled correctly. For example: ``` angular.module('myApp', []) .controller('MyController', ['myService', function (myService) { // Do something with myService }]); ``` The above code will fail with `$injector:unpr` if `myService` is not defined. Making sure each dependency is defined will fix the problem, as noted below. ``` angular.module('myApp', []) .service('myService', function () { /* ... */ }) .controller('MyController', ['myService', function (myService) { // Do something with myService }]); ``` An unknown provider error can also be caused by accidentally redefining a module using the `angular.module` API, as shown in the following example. ``` angular.module('myModule', []) .service('myCoolService', function () { /* ... */ }); angular.module('myModule', []) // myModule has already been created! This is not what you want! .directive('myDirective', ['myCoolService', function (myCoolService) { // This directive definition throws unknown provider, because myCoolService // has been destroyed. }]); ``` To fix this problem, make sure you only define each module with the `angular.module(name, [requires])` syntax once across your entire project. Retrieve it for subsequent use with `angular.module(name)`. The fixed example is shown below. ``` angular.module('myModule', []) .service('myCoolService', function () { /* ... */ }); angular.module('myModule') .directive('myDirective', ['myCoolService', function (myCoolService) { // This directive definition does not throw unknown provider. }]); ```