fix($timeout/$interval): if invokeApply is false, do not use evalAsync

$evalAsync triggers a digest, and is unsuitable when it is expected that a digest should not occur.

BREAKING CHANGE

Previously, even if invokeApply was set to false, a $rootScope digest would occur during promise
resolution. This is no longer the case, as promises returned from $timeout and $interval will no
longer trigger $evalAsync (which in turn causes a $digest) if `invokeApply` is false.

Workarounds include manually triggering $scope.$apply(), or returning $q.defer().promise from a
promise callback, and resolving or rejecting it when appropriate.

    var interval = $interval(function() {
      if (someRequirementFulfilled) {
        $interval.cancel(interval);
        $scope.$apply();
      }
    }, 100, 0, false);

or:

    var interval = $interval(function (idx) {
      // make the magic happen
    }, 1000, 10, false);
    interval.then(function(idx) {
      var deferred = $q.defer();
      // do the asynchronous magic --- $evalAsync will cause a digest and cause
      // bindings to update.
      return deferred.promise;
    });

Closes #7999
Closes #7103

src/AngularPublic.js

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
     $ParseProvider,
     $RootScopeProvider,
     $QProvider,
+    $$QProvider,
     $$SanitizeUriProvider,
     $SceProvider,
     $SceDelegateProvider,
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular){
         $parse: $ParseProvider,
         $rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,
         $q: $QProvider,
+        $$q: $$QProvider,
         $sce: $SceProvider,
         $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
         $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,

src/ng/interval.js

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 
 function $IntervalProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q',
-       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q) {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q', '$$q',
+       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q,   $$q) {
     var intervals = {};
 
 
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ function $IntervalProvider() {
     function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
       var setInterval = $window.setInterval,
           clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
-          deferred = $q.defer(),
-          promise = deferred.promise,
           iteration = 0,
-          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply);
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise;
 
       count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;
 

src/ng/q.js

@@ -173,6 +173,13 @@ function $QProvider() {
   }];
 }
 
+function $$QProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $browser.defer(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler);
+  }];
+}
 
 /**
  * Constructs a promise manager.

src/ng/timeout.js

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 
 function $TimeoutProvider() {
-  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$exceptionHandler',
-       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $exceptionHandler) {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
     var deferreds = {};
 
 
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ function $TimeoutProvider() {
       *
       */
     function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
-      var deferred = $q.defer(),
+      var skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
           promise = deferred.promise,
-          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
           timeoutId;
 
       timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {

test/ng/intervalSpec.js

@@ -98,6 +98,23 @@ describe('$interval', function() {
   }));
 
 
+  it('should NOT call $evalAsync or $digest if invokeApply is set to false',
+      inject(function($interval, $rootScope, $window, $timeout) {
+    var evalAsyncSpy = spyOn($rootScope, '$evalAsync').andCallThrough();
+    var digestSpy = spyOn($rootScope, '$digest').andCallThrough();
+    var notifySpy = jasmine.createSpy('notify');
+
+    $interval(notifySpy, 1000, 1, false);
+
+    $window.flush(2000);
+    $timeout.flush(); // flush $browser.defer() timeout
+
+    expect(notifySpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(evalAsyncSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(digestSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  }));
+
+
   it('should allow you to specify the delay time', inject(function($interval, $window) {
     var counter = 0;
     $interval(function() { counter++; }, 123);

test/ng/timeoutSpec.js

@@ -48,6 +48,22 @@ describe('$timeout', function() {
   }));
 
 
+  it('should NOT call $evalAsync or $digest if invokeApply is set to false',
+      inject(function($timeout, $rootScope) {
+    var evalAsyncSpy = spyOn($rootScope, '$evalAsync').andCallThrough();
+    var digestSpy = spyOn($rootScope, '$digest').andCallThrough();
+    var fulfilledSpy = jasmine.createSpy('fulfilled');
+
+    $timeout(fulfilledSpy, 1000, false);
+
+    $timeout.flush();
+
+    expect(fulfilledSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(evalAsyncSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(digestSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  }));
+
+
   it('should allow you to specify the delay time', inject(function($timeout, $browser) {
     var defer = spyOn($browser, 'defer');
     $timeout(noop, 123);